Unlocking the Emotional World of Visual Media:
An Overview of the Science, Research, and Impact of Understanding Emotion

James Z. Wang (1), Sicheng Zhao (2), Chenyan Wu (1),
Reginald B. Adams, Jr. (1), Michelle G. Newman (1), Tal Shafir (3), Rachelle Tsachor (4)
(1) The Pennsylvania State University, USA
(2) Tsinghua University, China
(3) University of Haifa, Israel
(4) University of Illinois, Chicago, USA

Drawing insights from psychology, engineering, and the arts, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the field of emotion analysis in visual media, and discusses the latest research, systems, challenges, ethical implications, and potential impact of artificial emotional intelligence on society.
Abstract:

The emergence of artificial emotional intelligence technology is revolutionizing the fields of computers and robotics, allowing for a new level of communication and understanding of human behavior that was once thought impossible. Whereas recent advancements in deep learning have transformed the field of computer vision, automated understanding of evoked or expressed emotions in visual media remains in its infancy. This foundering is due in part to the lack of consensus among scientists regarding a definition of ``emotion'' as well as the subjectivity of emotions and the subtle distinctions between them. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive, multidisciplinary overview of the field of emotion analysis in visual media, drawing on insights from psychology, engineering, and the arts. We begin by exploring the psychological foundations of emotion and the computational principles that underpin the understanding of emotions from images and videos. We then review the latest research and systems that have been developed in the field, highlighting the most promising approaches. We also discuss the current technological challenges and limitations of emotion analysis, and emphasize the need for further research and development in this area. We argue that this is a ``Holy Grail'' research problem in computing and outline some of the key directions for future research. Finally, we examine the ethical implications of emotion-understanding technologies and consider the potential impact of these technologies on society. Overall, this article aims to provide readers with a deeper understanding of the field of emotion analysis in visual media, and to inspire further research and development in this exciting and rapidly evolving field.


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Citation: James Z. Wang, Sicheng Zhao, Chenyan Wu, Reginald B. Adams, Jr., Michelle G. Newman, Tal Shafir and Rachelle Tsachor, ``Unlocking the Emotional World of Visual Media: An Overview of the Science, Research, and Impact of Understanding Emotion,'' Proceedings of the IEEE, 2023, under second-round review.

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Last Modified: March 8, 2023
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