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Related artifacts are exhibited at at Stanford's Historic Displays IBM 360 Computers on the third floor of the Gates Information Science building.
At the time of the appearance of the IBM 360-series most computing was centralized and operated by the Stanford Computation Center, which consisted of three facilities: a `Campus facility', an operation at SLAC, with eventually an IBM 360-91, and a system, ACME, running a 360-50 dedicated to real-time computing in the Medical School. The organization was led by Professor Ed Feigenbaum of the newly formed Computer Science department. Much later Stanford Hospital obtained its own IBM 360-40.
Before there was SLAC, Stanford operated a linear accelerator in the Hansen Applied Physics lab, HEPL. That lab had a fairly large, but nearly unique IBM computer, an IBM 7700 data aquistion system. It was never brought into commercial production. That machine was available since March 1964, and was in use at Prof. Yearian's lab in 1970. In 1972 it ran the first version of Shower, important software for High Energy Physics. Any further information about is welcomed.
At IBM the successor for the 7700 was the IBM 1800, and one of those mchines was in use in the medical school ACME project in 1967.
The first IBM 360-series machine to arrive at Stanford was installed late 1965 at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), on Sandhill Road. The 360 model 50, with 256K of memory was used for converting and developing analysis codes for future SLAC experiments. Prof. Bill Miller was scientifically in charge. He later became the provost of the University and president of SRI. Operations at SLAC were directed by Charles Dickens. Time on the machine was made available for development of other campus systems, as ACME.
In by 1974 (earlier?) an IBM 360 model 91 was delivered to SLAC and operated to 197y. It was upgraded in 197y to a model 360-195, which had the same architectural features as the subsequent IBM 370 series.
Important physics programs included ECS (Elecron-Gamma-Shower), PEGS (Pre-Processor for EGS), TESTSR (test Sampling Routines) [The EGS Code System, June 1978]. These programs were written in an extended FORTRAN language, MORTRAN ?, and translated to regulat FORTRAN by the MORTRAN2 Macro processor. (1975)
More to come.
In the fall of 1966 Stanford Medical School abtained a 360-50 in an unusual configration for developpment of a dedicated support system for medical laboratories: The Advanced Computer for MEdical Research, ACME. The ACME project provided real-time data acquistion and control to research laboratories in the Stanford Medical School. It used a IBM 360-50 system as its main computer, an IBM 1800 for data acquisition and distribution, IBM 2701 interfaces for various laboratory computers, and a home-built network for terminals in the laboratories. More at the ACME webpages, with a Film clip to come.
The system was directed and designed by Gio Wiederhold. The software included an incremental compiler for PL/1, PL/ACME, extended with commands for real-time data-acquistion and control. ACME provided real-time data acquisition and control services in a time-shared setting. Lights added to the typewriter provided status information for the users. Classes for physicians and medical researchers on its use were given by Voy Wiederhold. More pictures from ACME being collected for display. Formal records have been deposited with NLM by Prof. Joshua Lederberg.
The main Stanford University Campus Facility, eventually renamed ITSS, obtained an IBM 360-65, in early 1967 to augment and eventually replace its Burroughs 5500 system. Rod Frederickson was its manager. The 360-65 was the principal Campus Mainframe Computer for Stanford University from 1967 to 197x. Its successor mainframes were in use for many years at the Stanford Computation Center, the latest one disappeared on 15 December 2003.
Stanford's 360-65 was intended to be the 360-67 version, running a
not yet completed IBM timesharing system, TSS. But TSS never reached
its promised level of performance and was used only at few sites, and
never at Stanford.
Ed Feigenbaum, director of the computation
center at that time: true :"delivered as a 360/65, to be upgraded
later"
EAF: I believe this to be the case. We had initially ordered a 67 but, when
that was very late, we felt that we needed to "get going", so we ordered a
65 and did Orville and Wylbur software as a gap-filler. In fact, did we
ever take delivery of a real 67? I don't know.
Jon Sandelin from Stanford:
**** When I arrived in May 1970, the machine had 3/4 megabyte, and
an IBM imposed limit of one megabyte. My task was to bring it to the
one megabyte limit. Latter, a company (not IBM) developed a way of
going over one megabyte of main memory on the 360/65 series, and we
did increase main memory by something like 1/2 megabyte more (do not
remember the exact amount).
I recall Stanford hired Rod Fredrickson (from IBM) to implement the
time-sharing option, but he left shortly after I arrived, as he
apparently did not get along with the Computer Center Senior
Management. Jim Moore would know the gory details.
Jon
Gio:
Rod Frederickson had been before at UC
Berkeley, heading the compution services for Prof. Sidney Lamb's
Machine Translation Project in the early 1960's.
Information about the full range of Old IBM Iron.
Details about IBM computers are available at the IBM Archive site with an early (1964) Family Tree.
The term "mainframe" is actually more recent than the beginnings of these computers. According to the Oxford English Dictionary the first use of "main frame" was in 1964, in a Honeywell Glossary, and the first use as a single word in 1974 was by the Scientific American magazine to distinguish the major computer in a laboratory from other computers.
Boldface models were used at Stanford
More information about this architecture.
models 701 (1952), 702 (1953), 704 (1954), 705 (1957), 709 (1957)
models 7090 (1959)*, 7030 (1960), 7040 (1961), 7044 (1961), 7094 (1962)*,7094-II (1963).
models 22, 25, 30 (to 1970 only), 40, 44 (1965 to 1973 only), 50, 65, 67, 75, 85 (1969 to 1971 only), 91*, 95 (1968), 195 (1971).
Special multi-computer installatation, as the 9020's for the FAA.
Models 115, 125, 135, 138, 145 (only 1971), 148 (1977 to 1983, 155, 158, 165, 168 (1972), 195 (to 1977).
Rack-mounted 120,120, 150, 170
Aircooled models: 190, 210, 260, 320, 440, 480.
Enterprise Server, ES Gen 4, ES Gen 5, ES Gen 6, Multiprise 3000 Server.
Watercooled models:
330, 340, 500, 580, 620,720, 820, 800;
later
the IBM 9000 Enterprise series with the 600 4-way, 990 - 6-way
multiprocessor.
3031, 3032, 3033, 3081, 3083, 3084, 3090.
4331, 4341, 4361, 4381 .
SAGE, NORC military complexes.
IBM 1130, 1800
Michael Flynn received his Ph.D. from Purdue University in 1961. He
joined IBM in 1955 and for ten years worked in the areas of computer
organization and design. He was design manager of prototype versions of
the IBM 7090 and 7094/II, and later for the System 360 Model 91 Central
Processing Unit. Between 1966 and 1974 Prof. Flynn was a faculty member
of Northwestern University and the Johns Hopkins University. In 1975 he
became Professor of Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, and
was Director of the Computer Systems Laboratory from 1977 to 1983. He
was founding chairman of both the ACM Special Interest Group on Computer
Architecture and the IEEE Computer Society's Technical Committee on
Computer Architecture. Prof. Flynn was the 1992 recipient of the
ACM/IEEE Eckert-Mauchley Award for his technical contributions to
computer and digital systems architecture. He was the 1995 recipient of
the IEEE-CS Harry Goode Memorial Award in recognition of his outstanding
contribution to the design and classification of computer architecture.
In 1998 he received the Tesla Medal from the International Tesla Society
(Belgrade), and an honorary Doctor of Science from Trinity College
(University of Dublin), Ireland. He is the author of three books and
over 250 technical papers.
Flynn Forum Profile.
Return to floor 3 IBM 360 exhibit;
Return to Floor 1 exhibits of the
Stanford Historic Phototour.
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